改变一个表的分区方案只需使用alter table 加 partition_options 子句就可以了。和创建分区表时的create table语句很像。

创建表

CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)    );

创建插入数据存储过程

delimiter $$drop procedure if exists pr_trb3$$create procedure pr_trb3(in begindate date,in enddate date,in tabname varchar(40))begin    while begindate
调用存储过程插入数据
call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');
查看数据分布
select   partition_name part,    partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
改变分区方案
mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY KEY(id) PARTITIONS 4;Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.07 sec)Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
查看数据
select   partition_name part,    partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='trb3';+------+------+-------+------------+| part | expr | descr | table_rows |+------+------+-------+------------+| p0   | `id` | NULL  |       7472 || p1   | `id` | NULL  |          0 || p2   | `id` | NULL  |          0 || p3   | `id` | NULL  |          0 |+------+------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select 1826*4;+--------+| 1826*4 |+--------+|   7304 |+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
count(*)行数一致，说明数据没出问题，但是information_schema.partitions查出来的不对，这就不知道为什么了
For partitioned InnoDB tables, the row count given in the TABLE_ROWS column of the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS table is only an estimated value used in SQL optimization, and is not always exact.
mysql> select count(*) from trb3;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+|     7304 |+----------+但是count(*)还是7304，什么鬼
再次改变分区方案
ALTER TABLE trb3     PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)    );mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |          0 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |          0 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
丢数据了。。
更正，实际没丢，这个information_shcema.partitions表有延迟，过一会再查就好了
mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
官方文档说：
This has the same effect on the structure of the table as dropping the table and re-creating it using CREATE TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY KEY(id) PARTITIONS 2;
就是说ALTER TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY与 drop table然后重新create table trb3 partition by key(id) partitions 2一样呢。
改存储引擎，和普通表没啥区别
mysql> drop table trb3;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)    ->     PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (    ->         PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),    ->         PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),    ->         PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),    ->         PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)    ->     );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.69 sec)mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> alter table trb3 engine=myisam;Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> show create table trb3\G*************************** 1. row ***************************       Table: trb3Create Table: CREATE TABLE `trb3` (  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,  `purchased` date DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)
将表由分区表改为非分区表
mysql> alter table trb3 remove partitioning;Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='trb3';+------+------+-------+------------+| part | expr | descr | table_rows |+------+------+-------+------------+| NULL | NULL | NULL  |       7304 |+------+------+-------+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show create table trb3\G*************************** 1. row ***************************       Table: trb3Create Table: CREATE TABLE `trb3` (  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,  `purchased` date DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)
Range List分区管理
mysql> drop table trb3;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)    ->     PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (    ->         PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),    ->         PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),    ->         PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),    ->         PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)    ->     );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.75 sec)mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
增加分区
mysql> alter table trb3 add partition (partition p5 values less than(2010));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
合并分区
mysql> alter table trb3 reorganize partition p3,p5 into(partition p5 values less than(2010));Query OK, 1826 rows affected (0.03 sec)Records: 1826  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 || p5   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2010  |       1826 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
分裂分区
mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 REORGANIZE PARTITION p5 INTO (    ->     PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005),    ->     PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2010)    -> );Query OK, 1826 rows affected (0.04 sec)Records: 1826  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0select   partition_name part,    partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1990  |       1826 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | 1995  |       1826 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2000  |       1826 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2005  |       1826 || p4   |  YEAR(purchased) | 2010  |          0 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
HASH KEY分区
CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)    PARTITION BY hash( YEAR(purchased) )     partitions 12;mysql>call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');select   partition_name part,    partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        731 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        365 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        365 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        365 || p4   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        366 || p5   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 || p6   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 || p7   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 || p8   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        732 || p9   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 || p10  |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 || p11  |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
缩建分区从12个到8个
mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 COALESCE PARTITION 4;Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.13 sec)Records: 7304  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0select   partition_name part,    partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='trb3';+------+------------------+-------+------------+| part | expr             | descr | table_rows |+------+------------------+-------+------------+| p0   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        732 || p1   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1095 || p2   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1095 || p3   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1095 || p4   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |       1097 || p5   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 || p6   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 || p7   |  YEAR(purchased) | NULL  |        730 |+------+------------------+-------+------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select count(*) from trb3;+----------+| count(*) |+----------+|     7304 |+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
没丢数据
收缩前2004年在P0
mysql> select mod(2004,12);+--------------+| mod(2004,12) |+--------------+|            0 |+--------------+
收缩后2004年在P4
mysql> select mod(2004,8);+-------------+| mod(2004,8) |+-------------+|           4 |+-------------+
Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables
分区(子分区)交换
 ALTER TABLE pt EXCHANGE PARTITION p WITH TABLE nt
pt是一个分区表，p是pt的分区或子分区，而nt是一个非分区表
限制条件:
1.表nt不是分区表
2.表nt不是临时表
3.表pt和nt结构在其他方面是相同的
4.表n没有外键约束，也没有其他表引用它的列为外键
5.表nt的所有行都包含在表p的分区范围内(比如p range分区最大values less than 10，那么表nt不能有大于等于10的值)
权限:
除了 ALTER, INSERT, and CREATE 权限外，你还要有DROP权限才能执行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION.
其他注意事项:
1.执行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION 不会调用任何在nt表和p表上的触发器
2.在交换表中的任何AUTO_INCREMENT列会被reset
3.IGNORE关键字在执行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION时会失效
完整实例语句如下:
ALTER TABLE pt     EXCHANGE PARTITION p     WITH TABLE nt;
在一次ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION 中，只能有一个分区和一个非分区表被交换
想交换多个，就执行多次ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION
任何MySQL支持的分区类型都可以进行交换
交换实例
CREATE TABLE e (    id INT NOT NULL,    fname VARCHAR(30),    lname VARCHAR(30))    PARTITION BY RANGE (id) (        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50),        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150),        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE));INSERT INTO e VALUES     (1669, "Jim", "Smith"),    (337, "Mary", "Jones"),    (16, "Frank", "White"),    (2005, "Linda", "Black");
创建一个与e结构一样的非分区表e2
mysql> create table e2 like e;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show create table e2\G*************************** 1. row ***************************       Table: e2Create Table: CREATE TABLE `e2` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,  `fname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,  `lname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> alter table e2 remove partitioning;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> show create table e2\G*************************** 1. row ***************************       Table: e2Create Table: CREATE TABLE `e2` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,  `fname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,  `lname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf81 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看数据在e表中的分布:
select   partition_name part,    partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='e'+------+------+----------+------------+| part | expr | descr    | table_rows |+------+------+----------+------------+| p0   | id   | 50       |          1 || p1   | id   | 100      |          0 || p2   | id   | 150      |          0 || p3   | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 |+------+------+----------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
将分区p0与e2表进行交换:
mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)select   partition_name part,    partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='e';+------+------+----------+------------+| part | expr | descr    | table_rows |+------+------+----------+------------+| p0   | id   | 50       |          0 || p1   | id   | 100      |          0 || p2   | id   | 150      |          0 || p3   | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 |+------+------+----------+------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from e2;+----+-------+-------+| id | fname | lname |+----+-------+-------+| 16 | Frank | White |+----+-------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
重做实验，这次在交换前在表e2中插入一些数据
mysql> insert into e2 values(16,'FAN','BOSHI');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into e2 values(51,'DU','YALAN');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from e2;+----+-------+-------+| id | fname | lname |+----+-------+-------+| 16 | FAN   | BOSHI || 51 | DU    | YALAN |+----+-------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;ERROR 1737 (HY000): Found a row that does not match the partition
报错了，因为51超出了p0的范围。
如之前所说，此时使用IGNORE也无济于事
mysql> ALTER IGNORE TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;ERROR 1737 (HY000): Found a row that does not match the partition
修改id为49，这样就属于p0的范围了
mysql> update e2 set id=49 where id=51;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select     ->   partition_name part,      ->   partition_expression expr,      ->   partition_description descr,      ->   table_rows      -> from information_schema.partitions  where     ->   table_schema = schema()      ->   and table_name='e';+------+------+----------+------------+| part | expr | descr    | table_rows |+------+------+----------+------------+| p0   | id   | 50       |          2 || p1   | id   | 100      |          0 || p2   | id   | 150      |          0 || p3   | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 |+------+------+----------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)e2的数据被交换到了p0中mysql> select * from e partition(p0);+----+-------+-------+| id | fname | lname |+----+-------+-------+| 16 | FAN   | BOSHI || 49 | DU    | YALAN |+----+-------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)e的p0分区中的数据被交换到了e2中mysql> select * from e2;+----+-------+-------+| id | fname | lname |+----+-------+-------+| 16 | Frank | White |+----+-------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)
交换subpartition
CREATE TABLE es (    id INT NOT NULL,    fname VARCHAR(30),    lname VARCHAR(30))    PARTITION BY RANGE (id)    SUBPARTITION BY KEY (lname)    SUBPARTITIONS 2 (        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50),        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150),        PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)    );INSERT INTO es VALUES    (1669, "Jim", "Smith"),    (337, "Mary", "Jones"),    (16, "Frank", "White"),    (2005, "Linda", "Black");CREATE TABLE es2 LIKE es;ALTER TABLE es2 REMOVE PARTITIONING;
尽管我们没有显示的指定每个子分区的名字，我们仍可以通过information_schema.partitions表获取到子分区的名字
select   partition_name part,   subpartition_name,   partition_expression expr,    partition_description descr,    table_rows  from information_schema.partitions  where   table_schema = schema()    and table_name='es';+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+| part | subpartition_name | expr | descr    | table_rows |+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+| p0   | p0sp0             | id   | 50       |          1 || p0   | p0sp1             | id   | 50       |          0 || p1   | p1sp0             | id   | 100      |          0 || p1   | p1sp1             | id   | 100      |          0 || p2   | p2sp0             | id   | 150      |          0 || p2   | p2sp1             | id   | 150      |          0 || p3   | p3sp0             | id   | MAXVALUE |          3 || p3   | p3sp1             | id   | MAXVALUE |          0 |+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+
接下来，开始将p3sp0和es进行交换
mysql> select * from es partition(p3sp0);+------+-------+-------+| id   | fname | lname |+------+-------+-------+| 1669 | Jim   | Smith ||  337 | Mary  | Jones || 2005 | Linda | Black |+------+-------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from es partition(p3sp0);Empty set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from es2;+------+-------+-------+| id   | fname | lname |+------+-------+-------+| 1669 | Jim   | Smith ||  337 | Mary  | Jones || 2005 | Linda | Black |+------+-------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果一个分区表有子分区，那么你只能以子分区为粒度进行交换，而不能直接交换子分区的父分区
mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3 WITH TABLE es2;ERROR 1704 (HY000): Subpartitioned table, use subpartition instead of partition
EXCHANGE PARTITION有着严格的要求
两个将要交换的表的 列名，列的创建顺序，列的数量，以及索引都要严格一致。当然存储引擎也要一致
mysql> desc es2;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       || fname | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |       || lname | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create index id_name on es2(id,fname);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;ERROR 1736 (HY000): Tables have different definitions
改变es2的存储引擎
mysql> drop index id_name on es2;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> alter table es2 engine=myisam;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;ERROR 1497 (HY000): The mix of handlers in the partitions is not allowed in this version of MySQL
分区表的维护
CHECK TABLE, OPTIMIZE TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE, and REPAIR TABLE可以被用于维护分区表
Rebuilding partitions.相当于将分区中的数据drop掉再插入回来,对于避免磁盘碎片很有效
Example:
ALTER TABLE t1 REBUILD PARTITION p0, p1;
Optimizing partitions.如果你的表增加删除了大量数据，或者进行了大量的边长列的更新操作( VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT columns)。那么optimize partition将回收未使用的空间，并整理分区数据文件。
Example:
ALTER TABLE t1 OPTIMIZE PARTITION p0, p1;
运行OPTIMIZE PARTITION 相当于做了 CHECK PARTITION, ANALYZE PARTITION, and REPAIR PARTITION
Some MySQL storage engines, including InnoDB, do not support per-partition optimization; in these cases, ALTER TABLE … OPTIMIZE PARTITION rebuilds the entire table. In MySQL 5.6.9 and later, running this statement on such a table causes the entire table to rebuilt and analyzed, and an appropriate warning to be issued. (Bug #11751825, Bug #42822) Use ALTER TABLE … REBUILD PARTITION and ALTER TABLE … ANALYZE PARTITION instead, to avoid this issue.
Analyzing partitions.读取并保存分区的键分布
Example:
ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p3;
Repairing partitions.修补被破坏的分区
Example:
ALTER TABLE t1 REPAIR PARTITION p0,p1;
Checking partitions.可以使用几乎与对非分区表使用CHECK TABLE 相同的方式检查分区。
Example:
ALTER TABLE trb3 CHECK PARTITION p1;
这个命令可以告诉你表trb3的分区p1中的数据或索引是否已经被破坏。如果发生了这种情况，使用“ALTER TABLE … REPAIR PARTITION”来修补该分区。
以上每个命令都支持将分区换成ALL
The use of mysqlcheck and myisamchk is not supported with partitioned tables.
mysqlcheck和myisamchk不支持分区表
你可以使用 ALTER TABLE … TRUNCATE PARTITION. 来删除一个或多个分区中的数据
如:ALTER TABLE … TRUNCATE PARTITION ALL删除所有数据
ANALYZE, CHECK, OPTIMIZE, REBUILD, REPAIR, and TRUNCATE 操作不支持 subpartitions.